The Fur Trade in Northwest Montana, 1807-1835
The Indian nations living west of the Rocky Mountains in what would become northwestern Montana, started to become a part of the European economic system […]
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Columbia River Beadwork (Photo Diary)
Today, the Columbia River marks the boundary between Oregon and Washington. The river was named for the ship Columbia Rediviva whose captain, John Gray, sailed […]
Forced Sterilizations of Indigenous Women
What would the population of indigenous people be now, approximately three generations after the forced sterilizations? The Forced Sterilizations of indigenous women were covert means […]
Modern Manifest Destiny: Torturing and Teaching Ignorance Is Evil – (2)
“Does the word land refer to only the area of North America”? Have you ever heard of Diana Ortiz? She was tortured in Guatemala for […]
America’s Christian General vs the Nez Perce
As a Christian nation, the United States has never been comfortable with the idea that American Indians might have their own non-Christian religions or that […]
Exploring Glass Art by Native Artists (Art Diary)
The Northwest Coast is a region in which an entrenched and highly valued artistic tradition flourished. Among the highly developed art traditions were basketry and […]
Some old Indian photographs (photo diary)
Washington’s Sacajawea State Park is located at the confluence of the Snake and Columbia Rivers. In explaining the cultural and historical significance of this place, […]
Cahuilla Basketry (Photo Diary)
Like all California Indian tribes, the Cahuilla created baskets which were both practical and aesthetically pleasing. In their book The Cahuilla Indians of Southern California, […]
American Indians in 1617
By 1617, four European nations—Spain, France, England, and the Netherlands—were staking their claims in North America through exploration and colonization. Archaeologist Jerald Milanich, in his […]
Imposing Laws on the Nez Perce
Since the very beginning of the European invasion of North America, Europeans have been guided by an arrogant worldview in which they considered themselves superior […]