Indians 101 is a series exploring American Indian histories, cultures, and current concerns
A casual reading of almost any book on American history—from popular accounts to textbooks to scholarly tomes—reveals that there have been a lot of conflicts […]
Two and a half centuries ago, in 1766, American Indian life had already undergone dramatic changes due to the European invasion. Horses, originally brought into […]
By 1816, the United States was developing policies that would remove all Indians from the eastern portion of the country and resettle them in lands […]
The Cayuga, known as ”the people at the landing” in reference to portaging a canoe, are a part of the Iroquois Confederacy (also known as […]
During the first part of the nineteenth century, the fur trade continued to be one of the important economic engines in North America. Driven in […]
A treaty is simply an agreement between two or more sovereign nations. Following the Constitution, the United States recognized Indian nations as sovereign entities and […]
In 1877 the United States government informed the Ponca that they were going to be removed from their traditional homelands in Nebraska and reassigned to […]
For the past five centuries, American Indians have had their religions suppressed (sometimes brutally and violently) and denied. With the formation of the United States […]
During the nineteenth century, the United States sought to bring Christianity to the American Indians and to suppress the expression of Native religions. Briefly described […]
Following the policies of the nineteenth century, during the first part of the twentieth century the United States was firmly convinced that American Indians could […]