American Indians
Renaming Indians
American government policies regarding American Indians, particularly during the nineteenth century, were primarily focused on “civilizing” the Indians. This meant that Indians were to change […]
American Indians
Shellfish and The California Tribes
Long before the arrival of Europeans, the Pacific Ocean provided the Indian Nations of California with an abundance of shellfish: clam, abalone, mussel, olivella, and […]
Plateau Indian Beadwork (Photo Diary)
In American Indian cultures, art is not separate from daily life. Traditionally, the things people used in their everyday life-clothing, tools, housing, containers-were often decorated […]
The Genoa Indian School
The Genoa Industrial Indian School was started in 1884 in a one-room school that had been originally built for the Pawnee before the tribe was […]
Queen Anne’s War in the North
In 1702 a war broke out between England and France which would later be known as Queen Anne’s War, the War of Spanish Succession, and […]
American Indians Defeat Winchester Model 1873
Montana state Republicans introduced a bill in the legislature to designate the Winchester Model 1873 as the state rifle and honor it as “the gun […]
Plateau Indian Art
The area between the Cascade Mountains and the Rocky Mountains in Washington, Oregon, Idaho, British Columbia, and Western Montana is known as the Plateau Culture […]
Columbia River Stone Carvings (Photo Diary)
In a few instances stone carvings have been found in the archaeological sites along the Columbia River. Carved from the abundant basalt many of these […]
The Indian Removal Act
During the first part of the nineteenth century, the American policy was to remove Indians from east of the Mississippi River and to “give” them […]
Fifty Years Ago, 1963
Fifty years ago, the United States government was still focused on a program of terminating its relations with and obligations to any Indian nations. Treaties […]