In 1889, a Paiute prophet known as Wovoka in Nevada died during an eclipse and then returned to life with a message and dance for his people. The word of Wovoka’s vision quickly spread to other tribes and the religious movement known as the Ghost Dance began. In 1890, Sitting Bull, a Northern Arapaho spiritual … Continued
Following the American Civil War, the federal policy toward Indians was to confine them to reservations and to reduce the size of reservation to accommodate non-Indian agricultural, grazing, mining, and railroad interests. On the reservation, Indians were to become farmers, even if the reservation land was not suitable to farming; they were to become English-speaking … Continued
During the nineteenth century there were a number of religious movements that developed among diverse Indian tribes. One of these, called the Ghost Dance by non-Indians, arose among the Paiute in Nevada. In 1868, Paiute healer Fish Lake Joe, also known as Wodziwob, had a dream which empowered him to lead the souls of those who … Continued
When describing the Wounded Knee massacre of 1890, many history books make two major errors: (1) they claim that this was the end of the Ghost Dance movement, and (2) they claim that this was the last armed conflict between Indians and the U.S. military. Neither of these is true. The Ghost Dance movement originated … Continued
In 1890 American fear, xenophobia, and religious intolerance led to the massacre of Sioux Indians at Wounded Knee in South Dakota. While there have been many books written about this massacre, there were a number of related incidents prior to this. Setting the Stage for Violence in 1890: In South Dakota, the Great Sioux … Continued
( – promoted by navajo) One of the visitors at an 1891 Comanche Ghost Dance in Oklahoma was Frank White. He sat on the north side of the dance area and ate a lot of peyote. When the Comanche asked him who he was, he said that he was Pawnee. Following the Comanche Ghost Dance, … Continued
WE MUST BE THE SPIRITUAL CHANGE WE WISH TO SEE IN CREATOR’S WORLD! A Native man should always be clean and sober, for he knows there is still more work to do ! Rise with the Sun to pray. Pray alone and pray often. The Great Creator will listen, if you only speak. From all … Continued
MIXED BLOOD NATIVES-THE SILENCE OF INDIAN COUNTRY BY MIKE RACCOON EYES KINNEY As was discussed in ‘Mixed Blood Natives-The Silence of Indian Country’ (Part-1), Quanah Parker as a mixed blood Native made the decision to leave one culture and enter into another culture. The story of the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek and Seminloe has a … Continued
