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The Muskogean Language Family

Muskogean was the most important language family of the Native American Southeastern Culture Area. In her introduction to Florida Place Names of Indian Origin and Seminole Personal Names, Patricia Riles Wickman writes: “We shall never know with any certainty how many dialects derived from this mother tongue and from the social template that contained an … Continued

The Muskogean Language Family

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Allotment and the Siletz Reservation

One of the characteristics of American culture is an obsession with private property. The idea of holding land in common, as was the practice of Indian nations, was seen as uncivilized, un-Christian, and a barrier to civilization. The policies of the American government with regard to Indian nations were generally based on socioreligious concepts rather … Continued

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Chief Sealth (Seattle), Suquamish/Duwamish Leader

Sealth was born about 1786. His father, Schweabe, was Suquamish and his mother, Scholitza, was Duwamish. As a young boy in 1792, he witnessed the arrival of the first Europeans to his area: British Captain George Vancouver entered Puget Sound and traded with the Suquamish. In his short biography of Seattle in the Encyclopedia of … Continued

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Between Two Worlds in California (Photo Diary)

For thousands of years the Cahuilla lived in what would become Southern California. It is not known when the Cahuilla had their first contact with the European explorers/invaders. In 1540, the Spanish explorers Hernando de Alarcón and Melchor Díaz reached the area near present-day Yuma, Arizona. The Spanish had sailed up the Gulf of California … Continued

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Veracruz

Veracruz is a region in Mexico’s gulf coastal lowlands. This was the homeland for one of Mesoamerica’s earliest civilizations, the Olmec. The Olmec first emerged about 1500 BCE. Their civilization and their art styles influence many of the later Mesoamerican civilizations. In their Encyclopedia of Ancient Mesoamerica, Margaret Bunson and Stephen Bunson report: “As the … Continued

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Roman Nose, Cheyenne Warrior

While the Algonquian-speaking Cheyenne are generally considered a Plains Indian tribe, they actually moved onto the Plains from what is now Minnesota. As a result of this migration, the Cheyennes evolved from a farming people to a horse-mounted buffalo-hunting people. By the mid-nineteenth century, Cheyenne warriors were often engaging the United States military in a … Continued

Cheyenne Warrior

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The Soboba Indian Reservation

The traditional homeland of the Luiseño was in the area of the San Luis Rey River and their name, given to them by the Spanish, comes from the San Luis Rey de Francia mission which was established in their territory in 1798. The aboriginal name for the Luiseño is presently unknown. In her entry on … Continued

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Genocide of Matriarchal Societies (Conclusions)

https://www.google.com/search?q=pen+and+ink+witchcraft&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjg-42MjvrUAhUU5WMKHVIUCUgQ_AUICigB&biw=1366&bih=662#tbm=isch&q=spanish+killing+incas&imgrc=JInIe3Y_yX9SsM: Did matriarchal societies exist? The question is asked because there’s a debate whether or not matriarchal societies existed. Whether or not they existed will be addressed in two parts, and while that has been discussed here before, let us do so again with Barbara Alice Mann’s question, “Where Are All Your Women?” in Unlearning … Continued

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350 Years Ago (1668)

By 350 years ago, in 1668, the impact of the invading European traders, colonists, and missionaries was resulting in many changes for Indian people. The European market demands for North American furs and Indian interest in obtaining European manufactured goods changed the relationships between Indians and animals and between the Indian nations. Trade with the … Continued