History
American Indian Religions in 1917
During the first part of the twentieth century, the United States continued in its efforts to assimilate American Indians into an English-speaking, Christian European culture. […]
History
Washita Massacre of November 27, 1868: 149th Anniversary (Update)
“We have been traveling through a cloud. The sky has been dark ever since the war began.” Moxtaveto (Black Kettle) The intent to commit genocide […]
Lessons of Columbus Haven’t Been Learned – Except By the Modern — Day Pope
Pope Alexander VI issued a Papal Bull in 1493 after Columbus’s first voyage in 1492. How did he order it to be complied with? Pope […]
Fort Pitt and the French and Indian War
The city of Pittsburgh PA was once the center of the industrial world. But Pittsburgh was originally founded as a military fort, part of the […]
Celilo Falls
For more than 10,000 years Indian people have lived adjacent to the Columbia River. The river provided them with countless salmon which they harvested with […]
Looking Glass, Nez Perce Chief
In 1877 the United States army under the leadership of America’s Christian general, O.O. Howard, went to war against the Nez Perce. The five autonomous […]
Modern Manifest Destiny: Peltier Behind Bars; Apathy While Classrooms Rot – 1
Fort Smith Surely, the United States has a divine right to maintain its rich “American expansion” it so justly obtained by forced slave labor, forced […]
James Welch, Novelist
In 1966, Richard Hugo was teaching a poetry class at the University of Montana. One of his students was James Welch who had been born […]
The Royal Proclamation of 1763
By 1776, some of the British colonists in North America had become somewhat irritated with the Monarchy and particularly with its limitations on the expansion […]
The Methodists Run the Siletz Indian Reservation
By 1870, it was clearly evident that the Indian Service was the most corrupt branch of the federal government and that Indian reservations were often […]