One of the concerns in organized military warfare is the need for communication and the need to conceal that communication from the enemy. During the nineteenth century, the American military relied on bugles, drums, and flags to communicate on the battlefield. By the beginning of the twentieth century, the nature of long distance human communication … Continued
For most people the mention of ancient Mexico brings up images of the Aztecs, the Mayas, and perhaps the ancient city of Teotihucán. Ancient Mexico, however, also includes somesites which are much older than these and which are not tourist attractions.One of these is Tlatilco in the Valley of Mexico. For today’s archaeologically-oriented tourist, accustomed … Continued
https://www.google.com/search?q=roman+nose&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&sqi=2&ved=0ahUKEwiHvIHsn9TUAhUO9WMKHeaqCy8Q_AUIBigB&biw=1366&bih=662#tbm=isch&q=roman+nose+cheyenne+warrior&imgrc=TTm6S_3pb71kJM: Source “…Roman Nose made his record against the whites, in defense of territory embracing the Republican and Arickaree rivers. He was killed on the latter river in 1868, in the celebrated battle with General Forsythe. Roman Nose always rode an uncommonly fine, spirited horse, and with his war bonnet and other paraphernalia gave a … Continued
When a society is undergoing rapid change—economic and technological change, religious change, language change, social change—and particularly when that change is being imposed on them by outside forces, it is not uncommon for a prophet to emerge. This prophet will report having had a mystical experience which often involved a visit with powerful spirits who … Continued
Briefly described below are some of the American Indian events of 1817. Treaties Following the Constitution, the United States recognized Indian nations as sovereign entities and thus negotiated treaties with them. In 1817, the primary focus of the treaties between Indian nations and the United States was for the United States to obtain title to … Continued
In 1869, the United States was still dealing with the aftermath of the Civil War. While the military turns its attention to pacifying Indian nations, the lawmakers look at ways to assimilate Indians by destroying Indian cultures, and former soldiers and others seek their fortunes by settling on Indian lands. Briefly described below are some … Continued
In the nineteenth century, European philologists (the nineteenth century term for historical linguists) began systematically comparing languages to create language family trees. Applying the comparative methods used to discover the Indo-European language family, linguists in North America began to group American Indian languages into language families. One of these is the Siouan language family. The … Continued
Is it respectful for an oppressing force to name something after their victims’ weapons because it’s respectful, or is it respectful for an oppressing force to name something after their victims’ weapons because they claim it is? What about when the oppressors disguised themselves to deceive their enemy? An observer of the Boston Tea Party, … Continued
During the first part of the seventeenth century, conflicts and potential conflicts between American Indians and the invading Europeans increased. Enamored with the idea of gaining personal wealth through the exploitation of Indian lands, four European countries—France, England, Netherlands, and Spain—established permanent colonies in the Americas. Archaeologist Jerald Milanich, in his book Laboring in the … Continued
For thousands of years, American Indian people in the Southwest farmed the land and built their villages, called pueblos by Spanish, with multi-story houses, plazas, and underground ceremonial chambers known as kivas. While the Pueblos are usually lumped together in both the anthropological and historical writings as though they are a single cultural group, they … Continued
