Very soon after the Spanish began their invasion of this continent, both the European courts and clergy declared Indians to be “people” in a biological and spiritual sense. However, the concept of Indians as “people” in a legal sense was tested in the United States in 1879. In 1879, Standing Bear and about 30 … Continued
( – promoted by navajo) Sarah Ainse (who often called herself Sally and sporadically used the last names of her husbands: Montour, Maxwell, and Willson) was a powerful Oneida trader in the Great Lakes area during the eighteenth century. Like many other Indians of this time period, she spoke several languages fluently (including English, Ojibwa, … Continued
( – promoted by navajo) Insanity is the key to the teabagger’s “success” stupidity, and if you look at recent history, Some of the nation’s top tea party leaders, are using you. history is merely repeating itself. A People’s History Of The United States. Zinn. p. 62. http://books.google.com/books?… It was one of those moments in … Continued
( – promoted by navajo) In 1830, the United States passed the Indian Removal Act which called for the removal of all Indians to lands west of the Mississippi River. The rationale for removal rather than “civilizing” the Indians in their homelands is explained in one letter to the Cherokee agent: “ An Almighty hand … Continued
When Americans first began to enter into and explore New Mexico in the nineteenth century they believed that American Indians were primitive peoples who were incapable of building great cities and monumental architecture. When they encountered ancient ruins in the Southwest, they assumed that these must have been made by people unrelated to the local … Continued
In 1838, the United States Army rounded up the Cherokee who were living in Tennessee, Georgia, North Carolina, and Alabama. Mounted soldiers, using their bayonets as prods, herded the Cherokee like cattle. One of the soldier-interpreters for the Army wrote: “I saw the helpless Cherokees arrested and dragged from their homes and driven at bayonet … Continued
Susan LaFlesche was the first American Indian woman to become a doctor and to practice Western-style medicine among her own people. She became a doctor at a time when there were only a handful of other Indian doctors trained in western medicine-Charles Eastman and Carlos Montezuma. In addition, it was highly unusual at this time … Continued
Seventh-graders in Texas are supposed to be introduced to the historical figure Quanah Parker, a Comanche military leader and a leader in the Native American church. Teaching history in Texas, and in many other parts of the United States, is intended to instill in the students a sense of patriotism, loyalty, and nationalism. Cynthia Dunbar … Continued
With the new standards recently adopted by the Texas Board of Education which appear to emphasize the historical accomplishments of English-speaking Christians, I thought it might be interesting to look at some of the forgotten (or at least ignored) history of Texas: the relationship between the short-lived Republic of Texas and some of the Indian … Continued
The popular histories of Indians often focus on the many Indian wars, often fought in the Southwest or on the Great Plains. In 1907, the War Department officially enumerated 1,470 incidents of military action against American Indians between 1776 and 1907. According to the War Department, only two of these actions have the formal status … Continued
