Teaching

When cultures are under stress, particularly when that stress is coming from forced change outside of the control of the people in the culture, a … Continued

In 1851, the U.S. Army sent out an exploratory party into northern Arizona. The Yavapai response to this party was to flee and stay out … Continued

For the American Indian nations east of the Mississippi River, the Revolutionary War was a time of great turmoil, deceit, and disaster. Both the British … Continued

The area along the Pacific Coast north of California and between the Cascade Mountains and the ocean is the home to many Indian nations who … Continued

The 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo between the United States and Mexico gave the United States what is now the southwest. Under the Discovery Doctrine-a … Continued

During the nineteenth century, some European and American explorers witnessed American Indian ceremonies which they found amazing. When these outside observers attempted to describe what … Continued

Chief Black Kettle: I want you to give all these chiefs of the soldiers here to understand that we are for peace, and that we … Continued

The very first treaty which the United States signed with an Indian nation was with the Lenni Lenape (also known as Delaware) in 1778. The … Continued

Shortly after the Norse colonization of Greenland under Erik the Red in 986, there were reports by the Viking sea kings of three new lands … Continued

In Idaho, an 1867 editorial in a Boise, Idaho newspaper stated: “This would be our plan of establishing friendship on an eternal basis with our … Continued