William Weatherford, Red Stick Leader
The designation “Creek” is a European concept which emerged during the eighteenth century to designate the Indian people who were living along the creeks and […]
Aztec Metalwork
The concept of working with metal to fashion ornaments and tools did not originate in Mesoamerica but seems to have diffused into the region sometime […]
The Avonlea Complex
The common stereotype of Plains Indians sees them as horse-mounted buffalo hunters. The reality is, of course, that Plains Indians did not adopt the horse […]
The 1837 Winnebago Treaty
During the first part of the nineteenth century, the American Indian policy was to remove Indians from east of the Mississippi River and to “give” […]
Suppressing Indian Religions in 1915
In 1915, the United States was firmly convinced that American Indians could assimilate only if they became Christians. To aid in the “civilization” (i.e. Christianization) […]
Reservations in 1915
During the nineteenth century, the United States had attempted to settle all Indians on well-defined reservations on lands deemed unsuitable for non-Indian development. Here Indians […]
Dragging Canoe, Cherokee Leader
At the beginning of the eighteenth century the Cherokee were not a single political nation, but a linguistic and cultural grouping of about 50 villages. […]
Cherokee Government and the English
The primary unit of government among the Cherokee was the town. Each town—perhaps 50 at the time of first European contact—was autonomous. The government of […]
Natick, A Christian Indian Village in Massachusetts
The English colonists in Massachusetts were sometimes conflicted with regard to Indians. Many colonists, viewing the New World as a wilderness, felt that Indians impeded […]
The Hoko River Complex
The Hoko River originates in the foothills of the Olympic Mountains (Washington State) and flows for about 25 miles to the Pacific Ocean. It flows […]